11/23/2023 0 Comments Olympic medal totals by country![]() ![]() Such comparisons of countries, however, give a biased view of how successful countries actually are in using their available resources. Success is typically expressed in absolute terms, such as the total number of medals that a country wins during the Olympic Games or other championships. It follows that if nations are adopting a strategic approach to the production of elite athletes, then part of that process must be to evaluate the results achieved (outputs).Ģ The definition of sporting success is a theme which has been widely discussed in both the literature and media with respect to international comparisons. It is implicit that the “production” of successful elite athletes by nations is an output from a strategic planning process (De Bosscher, 2007). Nations will have to invest even more just to maintain their success. As the supply of medals (success) will remain essentially fixed in the future (the IOC has indicated that it would like the number of events to be capped at around 300), and the demand for success is increasing (more nations taking part and more nations winning medals), the “market” adjusts by raising the “price of success” (Shibli, 2003). It is thus reasonable to conclude that the summer Olympic Games have become increasingly competitive and medals have become relatively harder to win. The number of athletes competing in the Games started with 241 in Athens 1896 and has more than doubled in the period 1980 (5,217 competitors) to 2004 (11,099 competitors). This point can in part be appreciated by looking at the number of nations taking part in the summer Olympic Games: an increase from 14 in 1896, over 59 in 1948 to 201 in 2004. ![]() In recent Games, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) has sought to make the event truly global. Haut de pageġ Along with the FIFA Football World Cup, the Summer Olympic Games is the most high profile event in the global sporting calendar. En effet, le succès dépend du but dans lequel on l’utilise ainsi que des priorités de chaque nation. Nous procédons ensuite à une analyse similaire pour les Jeux olympiques d’été et d’hiver, avant de conclure que nous parvenons à des résultats contradictoires quant aux performances des différents pays. Cette méthode permet de comparer les différents pays sur des bases plus égales, ce qui est indispensable si l’on veut mesurer l’efficacité des politiques en matière de sport d’élite. Une analyse en régression linéaire est utilisée pour présenter le succès relatif comme mesure du succès lorsqu’on maîtrise des facteurs macro-déterminants tels que la population et la richesse. La part de marché a été identifiée comme la meilleure mesure de succès absolu permettant de procéder à une analyse de séries temporelles significative. Dans cet article, nous comparons différentes méthodes permettant de mesurer ce genre de performances. Le nombre de médailles gagnées lors de Jeux olympiques ou autres compétitions internationales représente la mesure la plus objectivable et la plus transparente du succès dans le sport de haut niveau. Mais il n’est pas évident de définir ni de mesurer le succès. Les performances sportives au niveau international, et particulièrement au niveau olympique, prennent de plus en plus d’importance pour un nombre croissant de nations. Defining success therefore depends on the purpose wherefore it is used and on the priorities of individual nations. It is concluded that conflicting results can be given on nations’ success. Similar analysis is done for Olympic Summer and Winter Sports. This method allows comparing nations on more equal grounds, which is necessary if one wants to measure effectiveness of elite sport policies. A Linear regression analysis is used to introduce relative success as a measurement of success when controlling for macro determinants such as population and wealth. Market share was identified as the best measure of absolute success which enables meaningful time series analysis to be conducted. In this article different methods to measure success of nations are compared. The number of medals won in Olympics Games and other international sport competitions offers the most self-evident and transparent measure of success in high performance sport. It is however not clear how success is defined and can be measured. The achievement of international and especially Olympic sporting success is increasingly important to a growing number of countries. ![]()
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