11/25/2023 0 Comments Water in oil emulsion volum fraction![]() ![]() 15-17 Therefore, it is necessary to have a better understanding of the viscosity of water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions which contain fine solids. ![]() In fact, viscosity plays a key role in simulation and prediction of different oil production operations. One of the most important properties of emulsions is their rheology. Hydrophilic particles with contact angle less than 90 ° stabilize oil-in-water emulsions while hydrophobic particles with contact angle more than 90 ° stabilize water-in-oil emulsions. 12,13 Performance of this particle as a stabilizer depends on the particle size, inter-particle interactions and particles of oil and water contact angle. Solids in emulsions cover the droplet surface coalescence. Solid particles may also be added to the oil or water prior to emulsification for further stabilization of the emulsion. 11 Emulsions that are stabilized by surfactants are usually used for EOR projects. 9,10Įmulsions are thermodynamically unstable. 8 On the other hand, due to their higher viscosity and lower interfacial tension, water-in-oil emulsions can be used as a cheaper alternative to polymers during different oil production operations including enhanced oil recovery (EOR) and water control. 3,6,7 These types of emulsions have viscosities that are substantially higher than crude oil. Water-in-oil emulsions may be encountered at all stages in the petroleum industry such as drilling fluids, production, and transportation. 1-5 Emulsions are normally divided into two groups, namely water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsions. Emulsions that are used in practice normally contain an emulsifying agent (surfactant). Keywords: Emulsion, viscosity, nanoparticle, aging time, droplet size.Īn emulsion is a mixture of two or more liquids that are normally immiscible. None of the previously utilized equations did ever consider the effect of added solids to the emulsion. Most of previously published correlations have huge errors and could not precisely predict the apparent viscosities of non-solid stabilized and solid-stabilized emulsions. The results also suggest that the properties of stabilized water-in-oil emulsions are significantly time-dependent, and the droplet size and viscosity of emulsions is reduced by time. Mean droplet diameter decreased from 5.68 to 4.11 micrometre when 0.1 wt% nanoparticles were added to emulsion. From the results of rheological experiments, it can be concluded that the influence of nanoparticles on the emulsion viscosity is mainly affected by the type and amount of nanoparticles, water/oil-ratio and aging time. It is observed that the viscosity of crude oil increased from 36.5 to 49 cP when the nanoparticle concentration was elevated from 0 to 0.1 wt%. Experimental results show that the addition of nanoparticles increases the crude oil viscosity however, the Newtonian flow behaviour of oil is not affected by nanoparticles. Using crude oil and different industrial nanomaterials, the droplet size distribution, droplet mean size, and rheological models of emulsions were investigated. The objective of this study was to improve the basic understanding of the influence of nanoparticles on the viscosity of water-in-oil emulsions. The viscosity of water-oil emulsions plays an important role in oil production and transportation. IIYoung Researchers Society, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Iran IDepartment of Petroleum Engineering, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Towards a mechanistic understanding of rheological behaviour of water-in-oil emulsion: roles of nanoparticles, water volume fraction and aging timeĪmin Pajouhandeh I, II, * Ali Kavousi I, II Mahin Schaffie I Mohammad Ranjbar I ![]()
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